What does fluency in reading involve?

Fluency in reading is characterized by the ability to read with speed, accuracy, and proper expression. This means that a fluent reader can recognize words quickly and effortlessly, allowing them to focus on the meaning of the text rather than getting caught up in decoding each word. The aspect of speed ensures that the reader can move through text at a natural pace, while accuracy involves reading words correctly without frequent errors. Proper expression adds another layer of fluency, as it reflects the reader's understanding of the text, including elements such as intonation and phrasing that contribute to effective communication of ideas.

In contrast, while the ability to read silently can be an aspect of reading practice, it does not encompass the full scope of fluency. Memorizing text may help with word recognition but does not facilitate true understanding or application of reading skills. Understanding complex vocabulary is also important for comprehension but is separate from the concept of reading fluency, which focuses on the physical act of reading rather than the cognitive processing of meaning. Thus, the combination of speed, accuracy, and expression defines fluency and lays the foundation for proficient reading.